All Publications

Please note: These electronic articles are posted for individual, noncommericial use to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly work. They are intended for teaching and training purposes only. Copyright (and all rights therein) resides with the respective copyright holders, as stated in each paper. Articles may not be re-posted or disseminated without permission from those copyright holder. Simone Schnall asserts no COI on any of these publications. Research funding comes from the University of Cambridge, unless otherwise noted.

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Mikalonytė, E. S., Stevanov, J., Doran, R. P., Symons, K. A., & Schnall, S. (in press). Transformed by Beauty: Aesthetic Appreciation Increases Abstract Thinking and Self-Transcendent Emotions in an Art Museum. Empirical Studies of the Arts.

Mikalonytė, E. S. (in press). Experimental Ontology of Music. In C. Canonne & F. Gribenski (Eds.), New Methods and New Challenges in Empirical Musicology. Oxford University Press.

Davies, J. L., Stevanov, J., & Leonards, U. (2025). Rethinking the nature vs. urban environment dichotomy: Aligning research classifications with human visual perception. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101, Article 102507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102507

Mikalonytė, E. S., & Kneer, M. (2024). The folk concept of art. Synthese, 205(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04812-8

Leonards, U., Davies, J., Ross, J., Talas, L., & Stevanov, J. (2024). Putting the sensory individual at the centre of architectural design. Architectural Science Review, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2024.2421926

Mikalonytė, E. S., Doran, R., & Liao, S. Y. (2024). Experimental Philosophy of Art and Aesthetics. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2024/entries/experimental-aesthetics/

Luo, E., Forslund, V., Kanagarajah, K., & Schnall, S. (2024). The Effect of Power on the ERP Components of Empathy for Pain and Subsequent Prosocial Behavior. PsyArXiv (pre-print). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8pj5q

Mikalonytė, E. S., & Canonne, C. (2023). Does the Phineas Gage effect extend to aesthetic value? Philosophical Psychology, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2023.2249517

Mikalonytė, E. S. (2023). Musical works are mind-independent artifacts. Synthese, 203(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04402-0

Mikalonytė, E. S., & Kneer, M. (2023). What Is Art? The Role of Intention, Beauty, and Institutional Recognition. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 3039–3047. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rk3n8xp

Luo, Y. (2023). The Effect of Power on Empathy for Pain. Apollo – University of Cambridge Repository (pre-print). https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.105654

Luo, E., & Schnall, S. (2023). The ‘White Male Effect’ in perceptions of risk of dying from COVID‐19. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 17(11), e12877. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12877

Rathje, S., Shariff, A., & Schnall, S. (2023). Ideology trumps self-interest: Continued support for a political leader despite disappointing tax returns. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 33(3), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2022.2051148

Karg, S. T., Lim, M., & Schnall, S. (2022). Followers forever: Prior commitment predicts post-scandal support of a social media celebrity. Social Psychological Bulletin, 17, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.8283

Henderson, R. K., & Schnall, S. (2021). Social threat indirectly increases moral condemnation via thwarting fundamental social needs. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 21709. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00752-2

Henderson, R. K., & Schnall, S. (2021). Disease and disapproval: COVID-19 concern is related to greater moral condemnation. Evolutionary Psychology, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049211021524

Baer, T., & Schnall, S. (2021). Quantifying the costs of decision fatigue: Suboptimal risk decisions in finance. Royal Society Open Science, 8, 201059. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201059

Kim, H., & Schnall, S. (2021). Profit for friends, fairness for strangers: Social distance reverses the endowment effect in proxy decision making. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102395

Gilchrist, P. T., Schnall, S., Vrinceanu, T., Nguyen, S., & Ditto, B. (2021). Induced disgust increases negative implicit attitudes towards blood donation. ISBT Science Series, 16, 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12620

Schnall, S., & Henderson, R. K. (2021). Cleansing and separation procedures reflect resource concerns. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 44, 49–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x20000631

Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L. E., Packer, D. J., Pennycook, G., Peters, E., Petty, R. E., Rand, D. G., Reicher, S. D., Schnall, S. Shariff, A., Skitka, L. J., Smith, S. S., Sunstein, C. R., Tabri, N., Tucker, J. A., van der Linden, S., van Lange, P., Weeden, K. A., Wohl, M. J. A., Zaki, J., Zion, S. R., & Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 460–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z

Karg, S. T., Wiener-Blotner, A., & Schnall, S. (2019). Disgust sensitivity is associated with heightened risk perception. Journal of Risk Perception, 22(5), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2018.1474244. Open Data: https://osf.io/f9mxc/

Pavarini, G., Sun, R., Mahmoud, M., Cross, I., Schnall, S., Fischer, A., Deakin, J., Ziauddeen, H., Kogan, A., Vuillier, L. (2019). The role of oxytocin in the facial mimicry of affiliative vs. non-affiliative emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 109, 104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104377. Open Data: https://osf.io/w7bh2/

Schei, T. S. Sheikh, S., & Schnall, S. (2019). Atoning past indulgences: Oral consumption and moral compensation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02103 Open Data: https://osf.io/vgfwz/

Wu, Y., Li, J., van Djik, E., Li, H., & Schnall, S. (2018). The color red is implicitly associated with social status in the United Kingdom and China. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1902. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01902 Open Data: https://osf.io/gsuqp/

Yang., X. F., Pavarini, G., Schnall, S., & Immordino-Yang, M. H. (2018). Looking up to virtue: Averting gaze facilitates moral construals via posteromedial activations. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13, 1131–1139. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy081

Krpan, D., & Schnall, S. (2018). Close or far? Affect explains conflicting findings on motivated distance perception to rewards. Acta Psychologica, 190, 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.08.008. Open Data: https://osf.io/27me3/

Bocian, K., Baryla, W., Kulesza, W. M., Schnall, S., & Wojciszke, B. (2018). The mere liking effect: Attitudinal influences on attributions of moral character. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.06.007

Gilchrist, P. T., & Schnall, S. (2018). The paradox of moral cleansing: When physical cleansing leads to increased contamination concerns. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 61, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.002

Clore, G. L., & Schnall, S. (2018). The influence of affect on attitude. In D. Albarracín & B. T. Johnson (Eds.), Handbook of attitudes (2nd edition) (pp. 359–390). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Pavarini, G., & Schnall, S. (2018). The moralization of the body: Protecting and expanding the boundaries of the self. In K. Gray & J. Graham (Eds.), The atlas of moral psychology: Mapping good and evil in the mind (pp. 279–291). New York: Guilford.

Schnall, S. (2017). No magic bullet in sight: A reply to Firestone and Scholl (2017) and Durgin (2017). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 347–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617691948

Schnall, S. (2017). Social and contextual constraints on embodied perception. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616660199

Krpan, D., & Schnall, S. (2017). A dual systems account of visual perception: Predicting candy consumption from distance estimates. Acta Psychologica, 175, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.02.005. Open Data: https://osf.io/gkq6y/

Hedge, C., Weaver, R., & Schnall, S. (2017). Spatial learning and wayfinding in an immersive environment: The Digital Fulldome. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20, 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0399. Open Data: https://osf.io/4uzmb/

Schnall, S. (2017). Disgust as embodied loss aversion. European Review of Social Psychology, 28, 50–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2016.1259844

Duschinsky, R., Schnall, S., & Weiss, D. (Eds.) (2016). Purity and danger now: New perspectives. London: Routledge. Order your copy on Amazon.co.uk.

Schnall, S. (2016). The mind beyond boundaries: Concluding remarks. In R. Duschinsky, S. Schnall, & D. Weiss (Eds.), Purity and danger now: New perspectives (pp. 269–280). London: Routledge.

Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L., & Jordan, A. H. (2015). Landy and Goodwin (2015) confirmed most of our findings then drew the wrong conclusions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 537–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615589078

Krpan, D., & Schnall, S. (2014). Too close for comfort: Stimulus valence moderates the influence of motivational orientation on distance perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(6), 978–993. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000017 | Access via Apollo

Krpan, D., & Schnall, S. (2014). When perception says “no” to action: Approach cues make steep hills appear even steeper. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2014.06.005

Schnall, S. (2014). Clean data: Statistical artefacts wash out replication efforts. Social Psychology, 45, 315–317. Access via Apollo

Lee, E. H., & Schnall, S. (2014). The influence of social power on weight perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1719–1725. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035699 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. (2014). Are there basic metaphors? In M. J. Landau, M. D. Robinson & B. P. Meier (Eds.), The power of metaphor: Examining its influence on social life (pp. 225–247). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Access via Apollo

Pavarini, G., & Schnall, S. (2014). Is the glass of kindness half full or half empty? Positive and negative reactions to others’ expressions of virtue. In H. Sarkissian & J. Wright (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Moral Psychology (pp. 55–72). London: Bloomsbury.

Marini, M., Sriram, N., Schnabel, K., Maliszewski, N., Devos, T., Ekehammar, B., Wiers, R., Cai, H., Somogyi, M., Shiomura, K., Schnall, S., Neto, F., Bar-Anan, Y., Vianello, M., Ayala, A., Dorantes, G., Park, J., Kesebir, S., Pereira, A., Tulbure, B., Ortner, T., Stepanikova, I., Greenwald, A. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2013). Overweight people have low levels of implicit weight bias, but overweight nations have high levels of implicit weight bias. PLoS ONE, 8, Article e83543. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083543

Kim, H., Schnall, S., Yi, D., & White, M. P. (2013). Social distance decreases responders’ sensitivity to fairness in the Ultimatum Game. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(5), 632–638. https://www.doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500003727

Kim, H., Schnall, S., & White, M. P. (2013). Similar psychological distance reduces temporal discounting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(8), 1005–1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213488214

Huntsinger, J. R., & Schnall, S. (2013). Emotion/cognition interactions. In D. Reisberg, (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology (pp. 571–584). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Schnall, S. (2013). Disgust. In H. Pashler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the mind (Vol. 1, pp. 253–255). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Zarkadi, T., & Schnall, S. (2013). “Black and White” thinking: Visual contrast polarizes moral judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), 355–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.11.012

Lau, H. P. B., White, M. P., & Schnall, S. (2013). Quantifying the value of emotions using a willingness to pay approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1543–1561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9394-7

Schnall S., & Cannon, P. R. (2012). The clean conscience at work: Emotions, intuitions and morality. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 9, 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2012.742749 | Access via Apollo

Scheske, C., & Schnall, S. (2012). The ethics of "smart drugs": Moral judgments about healthy people’s use of cognitive-enhancing drugs. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34(6), 508–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.711692 | Access via Apollo

Meier, B. P., Schnall, S., Schwarz, N., & Bargh, J. A. (2012). Embodiment in social psychology. Topics in Cognitive Science, 4, 705–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01212.x | Access via Apollo 

Schnall, S., Hedge, C., & Weaver, R. (2012). The immersive virtual environment of the Digital Fulldome: Considerations of relevant psychological processes. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 70(8), 561–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.04.001 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., & Roper, J. (2012). Elevation puts moral values into action. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(3), 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611423595 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. (2011). Clean, proper and tidy are more than the absence of dirty, disgusting and wrong. Emotion Review, 3(3), 264–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911402397

Schnall, S. (2011). Embodiment in affective space: Social influences on spatial perception. In A. Maas, & T. Schubert (Eds.), Spatial dimensions of social thought (pp.129–152). Berlin: De Gruyter. Access via Apollo

Cannon, P. R., Schnall, S., & White, M. (2011). Transgressions and expressions: Affective facial muscle activity predicts moral judgments. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(3), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610390525

Schnall, S. (2011). Affect, mood and emotions. In S. Järvelä (Ed.), Social and emotional aspects of learning (pp. 59–63). Oxford: Academic Press.

Schnall, S., Roper, J., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2010). Elevation leads to altruistic behavior. Psychological Science, 21(3), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609359882

Schnall, S., Zadra, J., & Proffitt, D. R. (2010). Direct evidence for the economy of action: Glucose and the perception of geographical slant. Perception, 39(4), 464–482. https://doi.org/10.1068/p6445

Verde, M. F., Stone, L., Hatch, H., & Schnall, S. (2010). Distinguishing between attributional and mnemonic sources of familiarity: The case of positive emotion bias. Memory and Cognition, 38(2), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.2.142 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. (2010). Affect, mood and emotions. In B. McGaw, P. P. Peterson, & E. Baker (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (3rd edition, Vol. 6, pp. 544–548). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Spellman, B. A., & Schnall, S. (2009). Embodied rationality. Queen’s Law Journal, 35, 117–164. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1404020 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., Benton, J., & Harvey, S. (2008). With a clean conscience: Cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1219–1222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02227.x

Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L., & Jordan, A. H. (2008). Disgust as embodied moral judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), 1096–1109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208317771

Schnall, S., Harber, K., Stefanucci, J. & Proffitt, D. R. (2008). Social support and the perception of geographical slant. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5), 1246–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.04.011

Centerbar, D.*, Schnall, S.*, Clore, G. L. & Garvin, E. (2008). Affective incoherence: When affective concepts and embodied reactions clash. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(4), 560–578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.560 (*Note: Joint First Authors because of Equal Contribution).

Schnall, S., Jaswal, V., & Rowe, C. (2008). A hidden cost of happiness in children. Developmental Science, 11(5), F25–F30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00709.x

Clore, G. L., & Schnall, S. (2008). Affective coherence: Affect as embodied evidence in attitude, advertising and art. In G. R. Semin & E. Smith (Eds.) Embodied grounding: Social, cognitive, affective, and neuroscientific approaches (pp. 211–236). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., & Laird, J. D. (2007). Facing fear: Expression of fear facilitates processing of emotional information. Social Behavior and Personality, 35, 513–524. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.4.513 | Access via Apollo 

Schnall, S. (2007). Karl Duncker. In J. Valsiner (Ed.), Thinking in psychological science: Ideas and their makers (pp. 17–38). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction/Aldine.

Schnall, S. (2005). The pragmatics of emotion language. Psychological Inquiry, 16, 28–31. Access via Apollo

Clore, G. L., & Schnall, S. (2005). The influence of affect on attitude. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P., Zanna (Eds.), Handbook of attitudes (pp. 437–489). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., & Clore, G. L. (2004). Emergent meaning in affective space: Congruent conceptual relations and spatial relations produce positive evaluations. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 26, 1209–1214. Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., & Laird, J. D. (2003). Keep smiling: Enduring effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience. Cognition and Emotion, 17(5), 787–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930302286 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S., Abrahamson, A. & Laird, J. D. (2002). Premenstrual syndrome and misattribution: A self-perception, individual differences perspective. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 214–227. https://doi.org/10.1207/153248302760179138 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. (2002). Review of metaphor and emotion: Language, culture and body in human feeling. Metaphor and Symbol, 17, 243–247. Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. (1999). Life as the problem: Karl Duncker’s context. From past to future: Papers on the history of psychology, 1, 13–28. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315135618-2 | Access via Apollo

Schnall, S. & Gattis, M. (1998). Transitive inference by visual reasoning. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 929–934.